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This plot permits the selection of thresholds as a function of total risk reduction and tolerable action frequency.
Taking the retakes into account that would be required according to the rules for properly shielded images, the total risk reduction for boys would hardly change (23 ± 8%) with respect to not using a gonad shield, but for girls there would be an increase in total risk of 10 ± 27%.
This was quantified by taking the ratio of risk reduction explained solely by the average change in a measure, and dividing by total risk reduction associated with the average change in a measure plus the residual treatment effect.
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Among those with an eGFR of 30 59 mL/min/1.73 m, there was neither significantly greater benefit nor greater harm, with an estimated total CVD risk reduction of 32% (0.68 [0.47–0.97]; P = 0.035) and number needed to treat of 14 (7 834).
Among those with eGFR 30 59 mL/min/1.73 m, those with low HDL cholesterol or marked dyslipidemia (low HDL cholesterol plus triglycerides ≥2.3 mmol/L) had independently significant total CVD risk reductions (data not shown).
Thus, the benefit of continuing tamoxifen for a further 5 years is the sum of the carryover benefit from the first 5 years and the sequential benefit of a further 5 years, giving a total estimated relapse risk reduction of 39% (P <0.0001) and risk reduction of BC mortality of 36% (P <0.0001).
Supplementation of calcium plus vitamin D was significantly related to total and hip fracture risk reduction in both community-dwelling and institutionalized middle-aged to older adults [93].
We identified a total of 8 sexual risk reduction intervention studies among black MSM.
Previously, in a prospective analysis of the entire multiethnic cohort (n=82 483 including 4404 cases), we found a modest risk reduction for total prostate cancer in men with highest soy intake (relative risk (RR)=0.90, 95% CI=0.80 1.01) and a stronger effect for advanced or high-grade prostate cancer (RR=0.78, 95% CI=0.62 0.98) (Park et al, 2008).
Current data suggests that the use of CHG-WC may be associated with an overall risk reduction of total HABSI and CLABSI, in adult/paediatric ICUs.
Before any adjustment for other drugs, fenofibrate was associated with a significant 11% relative risk reduction in total cardiovascular disease events (P = 0.04) and a nonsignificant 11% reduction in the primary outcome, CHD events (P = 0.2) (Table 6, Figure 2).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com