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The present work utilized 48 optical passes corresponding to a total path length ∼4.2 m.
The present work utilizes 18 optical passes corresponding to a total path length of 1.6 m.
The total path length traversed by a charged particle before it is stopped is called its range.
In each zone, the variation of the steepest slope direction is lower, total path length is minimized and the feed direction is near the optimal feed direction.
Increase in the impeller rotation rate decreased the residence time, increased the axial dispersion coefficient, and resulted in longer total path length.
At lower rotation rate, increase in flow rate increased the residence time, decreased the axial dispersion, and resulted in longer total path length.
At higher rotation rate, increase in flow rate decreased the residence time, increased the total path length and showed a complex dependence on the axial dispersion coefficient.
Basing on the results of our study, a portable spectrometer is designed with a multipath cell of 960 cm total path length and detection limit 0.5 mg/m3 at 1 s averaging and 0.1 mg/m3 at 30 s averaging.
It is usually calculated by total path length divided by trial duration [48, 49].
The mean sway velocity is arithmetically related to total path length of the CoP trajectory.
We also present an optimization function based on the bending energy function in order to minimize the total path length.
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