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Total life cycle cost.
Total life cycle costs are more than twice as high as the initial purchase price.
Based on this Integration Chain the total life cycle of the DCS will be supported.
The contribution of embodied carbon to total life cycle carbon impact was also evaluated.
Using solar energy for the operation phase has gained a reduction of 73% in the total life cycle carbon emissions.
The initial cost of pumping equipment is often a small part of the total life cycle cost (LCC).
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It is not the purchase price alone that matters, but the total life-cycle cost.
Open image in new window Fig. 6 Comparison of total Life-Cycle emissions.
Such costs include either total life-cycle costs or direct costs of production (e.g., construction, implementation, installation, etc).
Economic Value analysis develops the LCC model into a method by which it is possible to minimize the total Life-cycle Cost of a structure.
There is a need for tools that aim at closing the gap between total life-cycle information and the traditional design process.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com