In 2012 total hydrocarbon replacement (including gas) at Shell was a slender 44%.
Total hydrocarbon selectivity declined from 82 to 72% with increasing methane conversion.
A comparison with direct determination of total hydrocarbon concentration (23 kg per cubic meter of terrain) is provided.
Gas phase total hydrocarbon (THC) was well correlated with BC only for HFO and OM and BC for DF.
Emission factors for individual NMHCs were apportioned from the emission factors of total hydrocarbon based on chemical composition of the exhaust from both types of vehicles.
Total hydrocarbon emissions were strongly correlated with fuel consumption rates, indicating varying degrees of scavenging losses during the intake/exhaust stroke.
In engines, exhaust gas temperature and concentration distributions are important factors in nitrogen oxides (NOx), total hydrocarbon (THC) and particulate matter (PM) emissions.
Besides, total hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions decreased, whereas the dramatic increase of nitrogen oxides emissions couldn't be prevented during the experimental work.
The measured EI data of four major pollutants, including CO, NOx (NO + NO2), total hydrocarbon (HC) mass, and soot mass, were used to optimize the model parameters.
A data-worth analysis identifies the most valuable observation data to be measured for the best prediction of total hydrocarbon production.
Compared to the prototype gasoline-fueled engine, the average decreases of the equivalent specific fuel consumption, NOx emissions, CO emission and total hydrocarbon emissions for the optimized engine fueled with hydrogen-rich reformates are 6%, 70 %, 50 % and 80 respectively.
