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Total hardness of more than 180 mg CaCO3/L can be treated as very hard water and can lead to scaling problems in air-conditioning plants (Hem 1991).
Scaling and deposition problems in air-conditioning plants are associated with the total hardness of water.
The total hardness of water is the sum of calcium and magnesium hardness expressed as mg/l CaCO3.
Total hardness of the eight sampling stations fluctuated between 36.30 and 88.9 mg/L (Fig. 7).
Being a divalent ion, Fe2+ also has potential to contribute to total hardness of water.
Total hardness of majority of samples was less than the WHO guideline value of 500 mg/l as CaCO3 (WHO 2011).
The total hardness of the samples lies between 60 and 490 mg/l with an average of 240 mg/l.
The mean total hardness of all drinking water resources was 333 and 361 mg l−1 during summer and winter, respectively.
The total hardness (TH) of water is a measure of mainly calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate dissolved in groundwater.
Total hardness (TH) of the study area varies from 214.46 to 333.63 mg/L of CaCO3 (Table 5).
The total hardness (as CaCO3) of water samples can be calculated using the following equation (http://water.usgs.gov/owq/hardness-alkalinity.html hardness): left[ {{text{CaCO}}_{ 3} } right] = 2.5left[ {{text{Ca}}^{{ 2 right] + 4.1left[ {{text{Mg}}^{{ 2 right].
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