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Finally, the total handover delay time during the cross-layer design: Total handover delay ( T HO ) = L 2 + L 4 ASCONF SET − PRIMARY / DEL − IP + RTT (1).
Unnecessary handover ratio is defined as the proportion of ping-pong handover and continuous handover in the total handover attempts.
Doing these additional handovers before the RN handover is finalized will save the UEs from performing two consecutive handovers and thus it reduces the total handover delay.
The total handover duration spans the period from the transmission of the handover initiate to the transmission of the handover complete message.
The RLF ratio is defined as the ratio of the number of RLFs caused by too late handover, too early handover, and wrong handover to the total handover attempts.
Due to the combination of the upcoming February presidential election, the withdrawal of French peacekeeping forces, and the total handover to the MINUSCA United Nations troops, the situation in the CAR is extremely fragile.
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The total RMPA handover execution delay, THO, is calculated as T HO = T RANGING + T SBC + T REG + T DSA.
Figure 6 Dropping ratio versus threshold B2_1. Figure 7 Total number of handover per second versus threshold B2_1.
From the numerical analysis, we proved that the proposed scheme gives the best performance in terms of total signaling and handover delay from the existing CoMP protocol.
In this paper, we propose three, heuristic, Kernighan Lin based partitioning algorithms to minimise the total inter-area handover rate as well as bottleneck effect of MAPs.
Total duration of handover sessions was measured from the video recording.
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