By lowering the cap over time, total emission reduction can be achieved.
The total emission reduction due to the biomass strategies is around 400 Mton CO2-eq.
So in this case study, considering the total emission reduction and cost efficiency, Scenarios 2 and 3 are better choices.
Which is the total emission reduction if a tramway line or electric bus line replaces a traditional one?
Together these two options have a total emission reduction potential of 488,791 tCO2 (48,879 tCO2/yr) at costs of US$15.1tCO2O2 for unsustainable timber extraction and US$28.8tCO2O2 for avoiding conversion undershifting cultivation.
Together, these two options have a total emission reduction potential of 318,489 tCoverver 10 years (31,849 tCO2/yr), and the opportunity costs of land use change are negative (US$-7.8tCO2O2) for unsustainable fuel wood collection and US$7.3tCO2O2 for avoiding the expansion of cattle grazing.
He argues that the language in the official Chinese announcement of the new measures "indicates for the first time that local leaders in China will be on the hook not just for vague, gameable targets like total emissions reductions, but actual improvements in measured ambient air quality".
In the Lindi project, the total emissions reductions are projected to be about 120,000 tCon/yr on average (3.6 MtCoverver 30 years) which is equivalent to avoided deforestation and forest degradation on 34,340 ha and 68% of the reference emissions level.
Furthermore, the study found that if bioethanol's market share of the gasoline-powered vehicle market reaches 80% in 2030, this switch from gasoline "could deliver more than one-third of total emissions reduction targeted for the transport sector over the period" (2008 2030).
While total GHG emission reductions through soil amendment with biochar and electricity and heat generation during pyrolysis were higher for corn fodder than forest residue (Fig. 9), total emissions were also higher for corn fodder.
