Exact(16)
The sum of all 10 scales makes the Total Distress score (max.100).100
A Total Distress score was calculated as the sum of all three moods.
The scale consists of depression, anxiety and stress subscales that can be summed to produce a total distress score.
Change scores of total Distress, Self-efficacy, and Perceived Control were calculated as the differences between pre- and postconsultation scores.
Based on a study of Follwell et al. [ 43] we determined a Total Distress score of 8 as the minimum clinically important difference for the power calculation.
A medium effect size is estimated for the primary outcome measure, total distress, as measured by the DASS-21 total score between groups across the five assessment points.
Similar(44)
Patients' mean HADS total emotional distress score was 11.6 (s.d.=6.3).=6.3
A study by Lemaire showed that the three symptoms with highest total symptom distress were fatigue or weariness, menstrual cramping and nonperiodic pelvic pain [ 11].
For this analysis, we have used VAS-L and VAS-A values as well as TQ total, psychological distress (PD), intrusiveness (I), auditory perceptional difficulties (A), and sleep disturbance (Si).
RESULTS The total symptom distress score (range 0 100) was relatively low for diabetic subjects (mean ± SD 8.4 ± 9.4), although it was significantly different from that for subjects with IGM (6.5 ± 7.1) and NGM (6.1 ± 7.9) (F = 3.1, 2 d.f., P = 0.046).
Mann-Whitney U tests revealed that diabetic patients reported a significantly greater burden of neuropathic pain (P = 0.033), sensibility symptoms (P = 0.004), and total symptom distress (P = 0.005) than subjects with NGM but not those with IGM (supplemental Table A1, available in an online appendix at http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1074).
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com