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The designed controller provides smooth control torque, time efficiency and high control precision.
Simulation results show that the controller provides smooth control torque, time efficiency, high control precision and the vibration can be suppressed by the designed input shaper.
This study was designed to compare the effect of a glide path performed with PathFiles (Dentsply Maillefer) and ProGlider on torque, time, and pecking motion required for ProTaper Next X1 (Dentsply Maillefer) to reach the full working length in simulated root canals.
Time to peak torque, time to peak torque variability, peak torque variability as well as constant and absolute error in peak torque were calculated.
Torque time integral (contractile impulse) over the first 40 ms after torque onset (TTI40) and maximal rates of torque development (MRTD) during voluntary and maximal electrical nerve stimulation were used to quantify initial torque rise.
Using this information, time to peak torque, time to peak torque variability, peak torque variability as well as the constant and absolute error in peak torque were calculated for each condition.
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Work done by a torque in rotating a shaft may be expressed as the product of the torque times the angular displacement.
Open image in new window Figure 8 Torque-time curves.
The torque-time curves were divided into initial, parallel, tapered, and platform areas.
The insertion torque-time curves and design features of the implants were accurately transferred.
Fig. 2 Torque-time curves of the ST. a Insertion torque.
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