The gimbal torque relationships are obtained from using Newton's second law equation on the assumption that gimbal is rigid body.
Further, to check whether the RMSEMG/RMSMMG/∆CSA to torque relationships are influenced by contraction speed, a hypothesis testing based on adaptive Neyman test (Fan and Lin 1998) was applied to compare the relationship curves of RMSEMG, RMSMMG, and ∆CSA at different contraction speeds.
When combining the non-linearity of the EMG torque relationship and non-linearity of the superimposed triplet-torque relationship, the EMG torque relationship indicates that a large amount of extra EMG produces relatively little extra torque at high intensities.
In contrast, the quadratic coefficients a2 of the SMG regression curve was negative, representing a concave SMG-to-torque relationship.
(2) The SMG-to-torque relationship is less affected by contraction speeds than the EMG/MMG-to-torque relationships.
The SMG-to-torque relationship is more direct than that of EMG/MMG, and therefore, is less affected by other factors like contraction speed.
The purpose is to examine the continuous SMG-to-torque relationship during isometric ramp contraction, and to compare it with those of EMG and MMG.
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the SMG-to-torque relationship is different from those of EMG and MMG during isometric ramp contraction in two aspects.
The aim of the study was to examine the continuous SMG-to-torque relationship during isometric ramp contraction, and compared it with EMG-to-torque and MMG-to-torque relationships.
Designing the damping controller based on certain damping-torque relationships and indices is also a focused topic [12].
We next compared EMG, MMG, or SMG-to-torque relationships between different contraction speeds.
