Sentence examples for topographical complexity from inspiring English sources

Each site had a different topographical complexity, which was evaluated by using a Ruggedness Index (RIX).

It is well known that topography has a major influence on the spatial distribution of precipitation and that increasing topographical complexity is associated with increased spatial heterogeneity in precipitation.

I analysed the response of bird species richness and abundance as a function of forest fragment size, shape, topographical complexity, altitudinal range, connectivity, and proportion of landscape forested area in a system of 13 cloud forest fragments.

Among the environmental variables that significantly explained (P < 0.05) the patterns of variation on the fish community were depth, topographical complexity, and the percentage of the substratum covered by algae, calcareous floor, rock and rubble.

We demonstrate, using example landscapes of different topographical complexity, how species' thermal niches could be distributed across these landscapes, and how these, in turn, may affect many population and community ecological processes that are related to adaptation or dispersal.

Following observation of natural patterns, we applied this knowledge by experimentally drilling pits at varying densities and sizes in a seawall that had been constructed with simple topographical complexity.

Anchor point distributions are instead dependent upon the complexity of the topographical features, which is independent of any specific sensor measurements.

Since productivity is a result of the interaction of soil, climatic, and topographical conditions, these factors need to be assessed in their complexity.

This is in line with Cracraft's lithospheric complexity hypothesis, stating that geographic separation spurred by topographical changes promotes speciation [ 58].

When extrapolating soil CO2 efflux to larger areas, the significant influences of soil texture, litter, and the interaction of topographical position and time illustrate that it is necessary to include some of the complexity of landscapes.

Due to inherent complexity and large numbers of parameters, flood inundation modelling processes often involve large uncertainties, especially at topographical formation where no sufficient data are available for model parameterization, calibration and validation.