The organisms that have provided the inspiration for this area of research, for example, mussels, use several strategies to keep themselves 'clean'34, and hierarchical topographic designs will be needed to combat settlement of all cells and larvae44.
We have utilized a triple-split probe that can measure wind directions and velocities in complicated flow fields, and investigated micro-topographic effects on design wind velocity by conducting wind tunnel tests.
Topographic maps are designed to show both the physical features of the landscape and the man-made features, such as settlements and communications, at a level appropriate for the scale of the map.
As a proof of principle, composite films comprising PCL and HAp were fabricated in this study using a combination of bottom-up, wet, precipitation synthesis of the nanoparticulate phase, in this case HAp, and top-down, photolithographic imprinting of precisely designed topographic features.
Digital elevation modeling software offers an opportunity to incorporate geomorphic principles into topographic reconstruction at the design stage of reclamation.
Corneal topography, videokeratography, keratoscopy, videokeratoscopy, keratometry, contact lenses, corneal topographic mapping, contact lens design, fabrication, keratoconus, corneal refractive surgery, radial keratotomy (RK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
3-D printing is used to design substratum topographic sections to test for selectivity of colonization of periphyton algae in streams.
In the spinal cord, the organization of motor neurons into discrete clusters is linked to the location of their muscle targets, establishing a topographic map of punctate design.
Consideration of such topographic features in sampling designs can help in explaining variation in species' distributions at several spatial and temporal scales.
We first cover the category of the near-simultaneous acquisitions produced by individual stereo sensors, typically designed for topographic mapping, with a time-lag on the order of a minute.
