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The A&SQ and ATI were developed using a "top-down" methodological approach; that is, the content of the instrument was determined by previous literature and clinical opinion.
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A methodological issue, top-down studies base their calculation of excess cost on the entire adult population.
The major methodological difference between these two studies is that we used a top-down approach in contrast to their bottom-up approach.
Fights against the top-down approach to history which ignores the voices and interests of the working classes (a methodological problem which this blog post is certainly guilty of making), rescuing ordinary people from "from the enormous condescension of posterity"] .
Top-down efforts fail.
Not top-down economics.
Top-down all the way.
This top-down approach is not effective.
The top-down method is easier.
It's not a top-down operation".
"It's a top-down transformation".
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