Off-line, public health researchers have spearheaded participatory research as a means to recruit from hard-to-reach populations, prioritize communities' own health concerns, and to develop interventions that rely on social capital and peer influence rather than top down messages or coercive rules to improve health [ 33].
Sometimes they just institute top-down rules.
These laws were not suffocating top-down rules, but empowering legislation that made a real difference to people's lives.
Shorter's quartet celebrates humanity's hope for harmony without top-down rules, and it's probably the most skilful, mutually attuned and fearlessly adventurous small jazz group on the planet.
The march to make poverty history is also a highly organised affair, though I suspect the spirit of the 60s will remain, the solidarity with everyone you march alongside, the sharing of water and changing of nappies... Perhaps because of today's inescapable rules and regulations, it is when people are faced with the inflexible application of top-down rules that they become most exercised.
Transparent, flexible and fair top-down rules must synchronize the numerous bottom-up initiatives while addressing the diversity of national circumstances in the drastic transformation of the world's energy economies.
Rather than relying on flexible resource-use patterns (Galvin 2009), herders were constrained to highly regulated movements, modes of communications, and top-down rules that rarely incorporated employees' opinions or choices.
Governments and port authorities could facilitate in this respect by working more demand-driven in terms of unburdening and creating more institutional support, instead of imposing top-down rules and regulations to try to govern the ecosystem, which in itself can be considered a contradiction in terms.
In many cases, those jobs require pastoralists to do what they already have been doing for generations - livestock husbandry - but under a new set of circumstances that involve inflexible top-down rules, fixed grazing patterns, or mandatory use of particular technologies.
