However, most attempts fail because they are not based upon understanding of system complexity, they assume "win-win" situations, they fail to plan for the impacts of society-wide changes happening beyond the project landscapes, and they use top-down – planning – approaches.
To us, this is the epitome of wrong-ended, top-down planning.
The authors argue that change is both faster and less predictable than before, making traditional top-down planning trickier.
That includes allowing development on the site to occur more organically and less through heavy-handed, top-down planning.
Though she hated top-down planning and approved of markets, as any city-lover should, pink-tinted Canada proved more congenial both to writing and to campaigning.
An intriguing question about the post-fire plans for London is whether one tabula rasa redevelopment would have invited fresh forms of top-down planning over the centuries.
It is, the authors write, "a result of a combination of top-down planning and bottom-up solutions, a unique collaboration between pragmatic thinking and comprehensive masterplanning".
Currently there is a major shortage of such properties because they don't fit in well with current top-down planning policies.
There are many less tangible problems: state-controlled distribution, top-down planning and a quota system that doesn't fully encourage innovation and individual effort.
Disputes have already prompted violent clashes between feuding villages.The airport saga is an example of the kind of top-down planning that many hoped would end with the rule of the PRI.
This is a nifty bottom-up way of doing what years of top-down planning have failed to achieve.The other company to watch is Apple, under its new boss Tim Cook.
