In the other extreme, the "top down" perspective views the mortality rate as determined by biological risk and distributed amongst existing causes of death in a competing risks framework (Gavrilov and Gavrilova 1991).
I think it's time, however, to revisit this topic from a couple of top-down perspectives.
It is argued that top-down perspectives on knowledge have dominated management initiatives in this area, at the expense of naturally occurring, or emergent work patterns of R&D organization.
Since the end of the last century, the focus in landscape policy is shifting from traditional top-down perspectives into a bottom-up and integrated approach involving participation of local stakeholders.
Others, however, question the wisdom of planning a Europe-wide grid from a top-down perspective.
Indeed, it developed from a top-down perspective, where governments gave rights to the individuals over whom they governed.
Like most of the handheld Zelda games, this adopts a top-down perspective, with Link wandering through screens.
StarCraft, which is classified as a real-time strategy game, or R.T.S., was released in 1998, and avoided that problem with its top-down perspective.
The production also draws on public statements from various banking titans and regulators to give a top-down perspective on the crisis.
This was largely accomplished by presenting the game with a top-down perspective: players drive through a cityscape that looks like an urban maze.
It's viewed from a top-down perspective, and perhaps the most interesting feature is the way your fish is controlled by waggling the analog stick to flick its tail.
