The reciprocal communication between brain and body via the neuroendocrine, autonomic, metabolic and immune systems and the plasticity of brain architecture provide the basis for devising better "top down" interventions that engage the whole person in working towards his or her welfare.
Alas, in countries like the United States, that approach isn't feasible: it's too much of a dictatorial, top-down intervention.
For Hong Kong, the current conventional contingency plan, which perceives the community as a passive recipient of top-down intervention policies, should be modified.
One explanation for this issue revolves around "top-down" intervention designs (i.e., interventions generated by epilepsy clinicians and researchers) and the potential for disparity with patient interests, capabilities, and perceived needs.
The conclusion is that Merino's fall was the result of the government's top-down intervention, but also by a shift in the sociopolitical order and labor relations of Poza Rica that came from the bottom-up.
In the case of informal settlements, as the organic network mainly provides the large population of residents with accessibility for home-based or non-home-based trips inside the settlement, the public authorities may sometimes be forced to use top-down intervention to upgrade some major organic paths in the settlement.
This law was passed to protect the state from top-down intervention expected from the US Environmental Protection Agency in compelling compliance with clean air standards.
It is a community-led approach that contrasts with the blunt hand of previous top-down interventions, such as the Khayelitsha shopping mall, a cluster of out-of-town retail sheds airlifted into the township in 2005, but hopelessly cut-off, sited the wrong side of a railway line.
China has a legacy of top-down interventions accompanied by all kinds of legislation, incentive packages and modernization programmes.
But the top-down interventions to address this barrier to accessing care are hampered by weak governments, as informal providers are entrenched in communities.
The LSC structure is a strong one, and has been shown to work better than top-down interventions.
