This is essential to any organizational change strategy as top-down implemented change strategies are often destined to fail, because they may not consider employees' and thus organizations' stage-dependent willingness to change.
Although there is clear evidence of the potential positive effects of fee exemptions on health outcomes, top-down policies implemented without careful planning and engagement of stakeholders have encountered many challenges such as confusion or lack of information among the population regarding overlapping policies and inadequate measures to overcome equity issues [ 21].
Structured design of a microcomputer requires the ability to do the system design and partitioning from the top down while implementing the system from the bottom up.
"We expect him to have the leeway to implement his system from the top down," Mets General Manager Jim Duquette said of Peterson.
As a proof of concept, we developed a Java implementation of the resulting interface: Starting with a top-down approach, we implemented resources and methods using the Jersey framework for RESTful web services [ 11].
Based on our research on the introduction of water user associations in parts of Turkey, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan, we conclude that a top-down institutional design implemented nation-wide and not involving multiple stakeholders and engaging their views, is doomed to failure.
The pre-saccadic parietal alpha and posterior ERP waveform together leads us to suggest that top-down control is implemented in multiple mechanisms that determined whether the first saccade would be directed to the less salient target, or be captured by the salient distractor.
Top, down, starting with hair.
There is a spoken need for the "power to influence change," and the necessity of training deans, departmental heads, managers, administrators, CEOs, and politicians on the core tenets of human rights in health to ensure that change also occurs from the top down while being implemented from below.
Flexible benefits schemes tend to be designed and implemented top-down, without employee involvement or customizing them to meet their needs.
This article discusses the issue of effective institutional forms of cluster promotion, juxtaposing two modes: Explicit cluster policies implemented top-down by regional authorities and implicit initiatives that are organized and financed bottom-up by groups of firms.
