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NHS staff have complained at the "top down" implementation of reforms, a financial crisis led to some trusts shedding jobs and cutting back services and most recently the changes in the job application system for junior doctors led to calls for her resignation.
In the past the blanket application and 'one size fits all´ approach, and top down implementation of SWC interventions have rarely been successful.
Choosing a top down implementation approach however, is based on providing an external stimulus, rather than searching for endogenous factors that would facilitate the same goal.
A political perspective on implementation, therefore, would see it as inherently contested and a negotiated combination of top down implementation with bottom up reactions and accommodations [ 19].
Although the reform process is clearly ongoing and it is still at an early stage, initial levels of awareness were low due to the reform's conceptualisation at the central level and top down implementation, and limited initial diffusion below district level.
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Unfortunately, the micromanaged, top-down implementation of initiatives in DCPS and the resulting teacher cynicism could doom the project.
The results showed that farmers were generally unsatisfied with the top-down implementation process of agricultural infrastructure projects because they were seldom involved and felt their needs were not considered by the authorities.
Its innovative approach is designed to overcome deadlocks in the top-down implementation of MEAs by means of bottom-up initiatives out of large scale protected areas, and aims to contribute towards improved global protected area governance.
Since the mid-2000s, the Chinese government has advanced an aggressive green building campaign, which is distinguished by its speed, scale, and evolution from one of voluntary participation to a top-down implementation through administrative hierarchies.
Top-down implementation: GE's embrace of the lean startup was top-down from the start.
He is the person in charge of a top-down implementation of Linux software at Merrill Lynch.
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