Exact(1)
Five regions of interest were selected: the frontal, supplementary, parietal eye fields which are consistently recruited during saccade generation, and two regions involved in top down executive control: the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices.
Similar(57)
This association has been hypothesized to reflect alterations in neural circuits supporting bottom-up threat processing and top-down executive control.
Both the behavioural and fMRI data are consistent with the interpretation that those subjects with relatively higher intra-individual variability activate inhibitory regions to a greater extent, perhaps reflecting a greater requirement for top-down executive control in this group, a finding that may be relevant to disorders of executive/attentional control.
This top-down executive influence from the frontoparietal network thereby facilitates flexible/adaptable behaviour.
However, in light of the extensively-documented maturational differences in structure and function of brain regions extensively implicated in incentive processing and in top-down executive control (reviewed in [43]), we nevertheless raise the possibility that these neurodevelopmental differences may contribute to vulnerability of adolescents to mortality and morbidity to behavioral causes.
Like Barkley we have selected top-down, executive processes for special but not exclusive consideration.
In this study, top-down executive control is reflected by the left and right executive control networks (LECN and RECN, respectively).
High-demand network activity may reflect the extent to which individuals require top-down executive guidance of behavior for successful task performance.
fMRI network studies in active alcoholics suggest that impulsive and compulsive behaviors are related to the ineffectiveness of brain networks, characterized by decreased synchrony in top-down executive control network and increased synchrony in the bottom-up appetitive drive network.
Tests of single networks showed lower synchrony in subjects with AUD versus control subjects for the LECN, consistent with the model that poor top-down executive control contributes to alcohol dependence.
These studies indicate that active alcoholics exhibit lower top-down executive control network synchrony and higher bottom-up reward and appetitive drive network synchrony, and that these phenomena are more than reversed with successful abstinence.
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