Top-down directives and control from Westminster and Whitehall never did work well, but they work even less well today.
"It'll be interesting to see what happens when Kelly realizes how resistant these guys are to top-down directives," one former C.B.P. official told me in the spring.
But some emergency medical technicians questioned whether top-down directives like this can work in a system in which agencies have long been islands unto themselves.
New Strategies Learning to Harvest More From Less The hardest part of meshing economic and environmental progress, experts say, is that this shift cannot be engineered with top-down directives.
Arguably the major influence keeping things from getting out of hand is top-down directives and administrative patrolling that stamps out the sleazier elements - often, per above, very much against the "anyone can edit" ideal.
Leaked memos and emails from Fox vice-president of News, John Moody, and Washington managing editor Bill Sammon allegedly offer evidence of top-down directives to control the message throughout the news day, from linking Obama to Marxism and socialism, to denigrating a public option in the US healthcare debate, to promoting scepticism about climate change.
The 900 participants at last week's meeting combined research presentations with discussions of how to run a scientific enterprise based on open peer review rather than top-down directives.
The previous two rounds of Race to the Top were not competitive grant programs; they were top-down directives forcing states to adopt programs favored by Washington.
One paper reported a surge in workload after top-down directives to integrate HIV/AIDS care into regular clinics were implemented to scale up access to ART [ 51].
Despite lip service to shared decision making, patients can be left confused and even tyrannised when their clinical management is inappropriately driven by algorithmic protocols, top-down directives and population targets.
The Race Relations Act of 1976 and the creation of the CRE did not come from a top-down directive, but from a grassroots black movement for justice in the 1960s and 1970s that took on appalling levels of racism.
