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Instead, White House officials say that ever since his January speech, Mr. Bush has been pursuing a dual strategy, pressing for "top down" change from Baghdad as well as "bottom up" change from the provinces.
A more effective approach must be far more permissive and collaborative: to work more from bottom up to understand what is blocking improvement and let that add up to more appropriate top down change.
Can climate change be addressed from the bottom-up without top down change in the political-economic system?
But, as was the case with the US civil rights movement, the end of apartheid, and the abolition of slavery, in order to bring about this transition, we need to inspire a huge social uprising where the masses rise up to demand top down change.
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But it is hard to avoid the impression that the government is obsessed with pushing through top-down change.
Counterposed to top-down change, a growing number NHS organisations are using online tools to bring about participatory change with positive results.
No official, top-down change is really needed, excep (eventually) for things like money and legal recognition for dozenal measurement systems.
Perhaps it is naive to think so, but there could have been genuine and top-down change in response to this overwhelming jolt.
And if it is a significant feature of the change of regime, the emergence of a free society is much more likely than in a top-down change of power brought about by elites or others close to power.
"That's why I think this top-down change – when the government says 'now the policy has outlived its use and needs to be changed' – that actually triggers a change in thinking".
The interesting split is not between the feminist and civil rights Old Bulls, it's between the establishments of both movements, who emphasize top-down change, and the younger dissenters, who don't.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com