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It doesn't have a top-down authority".
But even his authority does not stretch far in a region dominated by tribal systems that are traditionally suspicious of top-down authority.
Dictatorship is not desirable, but at least East Asian dictatorships, such as South Korea and Taiwan, used their top-down authority to build dynamic export-led economies and to educate all their people — men and women.
Where top-down authority collapses, as it did in post-Saddam Iraq or in the Palestinian territories after Arafat, it has been very hard for bottom-up politics to repair the damage.In such circumstances, it is not surprising that people prefer the devil they know to the fitna (communal strife) or fawda (chaos) that seem all too likely to replace it.
Whereas Bolívar argued that the new republics needed the discipline of top-down authority, Bello thought that to succeed they needed to create citizens, through universal public education and, above all, the rule of law ("our true patria", he once wrote).
He is, instead, against the opaque, top-down authority that has characterized Japan's postwar rise and that many Japanese now blame for the government's perceived failure to prevent last year's accident and fully inform the public of the radiation risks it posed.
That's because supporting is too general a term (applicable to monetary and moral support as well as military support); the more familiar synonym, overseeing, connotes top-down authority from the United States, offensive to Iraqi allies, and overseer is associated with plantation life before the Civil War.
The KGR is a closed, homogenous community setting with a strong top-down authority structure that permits little state interference.
But how this increasingly competitive creative market China works with the other China of closed systems and top-down authority remains a profound and unsettling paradox.
Chinese protected areas have been largely created and continue to be developed with strong top-down authority, although national-level control is softening and other models are being tested.
It's a trickle-out culture as opposed to the trickle-down, top-down authority of mainstream culture.
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