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Department-based change may be top-down (administrator-led), bottom-up (faculty- or student-driven), or some combination of the two.
The diversity of team creators in our sample suggests that "top-down" (administrator-driven) or "bottom-up" (faculty-driven) approaches can both lead to successful team creation.
Top Down, Bottom UP.
Top down, pushing buttons".
Top, down, starting with hair.
He cited a disruptive trend of teachers integrating technology from everyday life into their classrooms voluntarily, rather than technology integration being mandated top-down by administrators.
These appointments were largely consistent with President Butler's management style: a top-down structure of administrators that were well-known and personally loyal to him.
"With its top-down approach, the Bloomberg administration has sought to avoid public debate and scrutiny, while fundamental decisions regarding education policy have been made by central administrators with very little education background," Mr. Thompson said.
Startups with this model are implementing the same monetization strategies as the incumbent players that have dominated the K-12 industry for decades: They pitch district administrators with a top-down sales approach that involves large ranks of salespeople with their "boots on the ground".
Not top-down economics.
Top-down efforts fail.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com