SS, which was the focal point of the package of interventions, was based on 1) introducing updated job descriptions with documented lines of supervision; 2) improving communication lines and skills; 3) introducing guidelines and tools for supervision, performance review, and monitoring; and 4) evidence-based action planning.
Guidelines and tools for supervision included instructions for conducting supervision, namely rules of conducting supervision meetings, checklists for supervisory visits, work planning action sheets, do's and don'ts of supervision, self-assessments of supervisors' competencies, tips on delegation, a feedback mechanism, and conflict resolution.
Donor partners have increasingly funded iCCM training, medicines, equipment, and tools for supportive supervision, alongside strengthening of supply chain and monitoring systems (20).
Many appeared to regard checklists as a key (and only) tool required for supervision, determining fault-finding as the correct way of supervising and feeling comfortable with it.
Although Malawi has designed an integrated tool for quarterly supervision visits that targets infection prevention, MIP, reproductive health, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, these visits were occurring infrequently.
Norms and protocols for reproductive health care, defined by the Ministry of Health, state the objectives, tools, and frequency required for supervision.
The work plan is the main tool that is used for supervision of doctors working in preventive and curative care.
The ZDF Medical Services uses Ministry of Health (MOH) tools for provider performance assessment, supervision, health management information system, and logistics management, and the ZDF is involved in development of these tools.
The tremendous growth of PV industry and the increased number of installed PV systems all over the world raised the need for supervision and simulation tools for PV systems.
For program managers, it provides a better tool for monitoring and supervision and data management.
This is achieved through reinforcement of the existing MOH system of health center supervision: increasing the number of available staff dedicated to supervision, improving the technical skills of staff, providing staff tools for clinical and programmatic mentorship, and ensuring more supervision time per health center.
