Of the total of around 200 such MEAs, about 20 either ban trade in certain pollutants or in goods made using them, or permit the use of trade sanctions as tools of enforcement.
Some educators, civil libertarians and politicians question the effort, saying it turns teachers into a tool of law enforcement.
Despite its abuses, wiretapping has long been accepted as a tool of law enforcement when used properly.
The informer may be a high-level criminal and a traitor to his friends, but he is also an essential tool of law enforcement and crime prevention when properly used.
A 1995 poll of 386 police chiefs commissioned by the Death Penalty Information Centre, a research group, found that two-thirds did not agree that the death penalty reduced homicide or served as a useful tool of law enforcement.
"Small unmanned aircraft are just another tool of law enforcement to be able to do their jobs, essentially saving lives".
"Proposals to separate children from their families as a tool of law enforcement to deter immigration are harsh and counterproductive," the academy said.
Looking back on that time, Born told the Washington Post, "I was concerned about the lack of transparency and the lack of any tools for enforcement and the lack of prohibitions against fraud and manipulation".
Stopping that flow will take not only the dedication of law enforcement but also vigilant oversight, to ensure that the tools of law enforcement are not abused in ways that, in effect, create more problems than they solve.
In a letter to the county board of supervisors, the county's own lawyers sharply criticized the police, the public defender and jail officials, noting that the most basic screening tools of law enforcement, fingerprints and photographs, were abandoned.
