The changes could be understood by taking the observed orientation gradients and anisotropic movement of grain boundaries into account.
Taking the observed photospheric vector magnetic fields as the boundary condition, the 3D magnetic fields above the photosphere were computed with a new extrapolation method.
Nevertheless, since the causal relation between demography and education can go in both directions, in this article we opted for having a neutral position by taking the observed trends in those variables and ignoring their feedback effects.
If we take the observed expansion rate and work backwards using known laws of physics, we find that everything we see was once located at a single point some 13.7 billion years ago.
A better alternative is to take the observed values q, q′, q″, … as the actual elements of reality, and view Ψ just as a bookkeeping device, determined by the actual values q, q′, q″, … that happened in past.
If we take "the observed differences in parameters between the two subsets are attributed to random processes" as the null hypothesis, the region of rejection and also the region of acceptance for a certain significance level (e.g., 0.05) can be estimated according to the statistics of the variances in parameters observed in the 1,000 random trials.
Taking the observed intensities of GM9Gn2 (Figure 2B) into account, we believe that the majority of glycoproteins we analyzed were mature.
Although our volumetric data indicate that Merkel cells begin to swell within 7 s of hypotonic-solution perfusion, it may take the observed 11 s to generate sufficient membrane tension to activate mechanotransduction channels.
The primary objective is to compute the probability of such a particular split by taking the observed class distributions in the clusters into account.
