According to a 1917 volume of The Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, a basking shark liver is "very heavy, often weighing as much as one tonne" and yields a "pale yellow to orange yellow" oil.
Olam tries to practice what it preaches so on the other side of the world, at a tomato processing plant in California it partners with General Mills to use tomato skins and seeds as the main source of nitrogen to produce 10,000 tonnes of yield-boosting, organic compost for tomato growers, generating additional revenue by adding value to agricultural waste.
The liquid hydrolysate stream from an intermediate wash strategy may not require a concentration step prior to fermentation, saving on energy costs and allowing higher net ethanol yields per tonne of substrate.
This painstaking process yields five tonnes a year, but he cannot bear to sell a gram of it.If Mr Biver changed his mind, he could probably name his price.
Fields that once yielded tonnes of rice are now a mass of tangled weeds and grass.
It was estimated that about 7500 tonnes of MSW yielded close to 20 MW of electricity.
Considering the cost of H2O2 (approximately $700 per tonne), the 5% increased hydrolysis yields corresponds to an increase in the estimated overall ethanol yield (assuming 0.45 g/g and 0.30 g/g yields of ethanol from glucose and xylose, respectively) from approximately 58 gal/tonne to 62 gal/tonne.
They are rising at barely half that pace.The first green revolution almost doubled yields from 1.9 tonnes a hectare in 1950-64 to 3.5 tonnes in 1985-98.
But Anthony Trewavas, a biochemist at the University of Edinburgh, counters that organic farming actually requires more energy per tonne of food produced, because yields are lower and weeds are kept at bay by ploughing.
"For example, wheat yields were one tonne per hectare in the middle of the 19th Century but improved farming methods and agri-science research now sees us closer to nine tonnes per hectare in the UK today," he told BBC News.
