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Each of these harmonic sets includes five vowels, one set being produced with an advanced tongue root and the other with a retracted tongue root.
To form a wide vowel, the tongue root is advanced so that the pharynx is expanded.
To form a narrow vowel, the tongue root is retracted toward the pharyngeal wall, and the pharynx is narrowed.
Kwa languages are marked by a vowel harmony system, which contrasts sets of vowels in which the tongue root is either advanced or retracted.
However, for modern Mongolian phonology, it seems more appropriate to instead characterize the two vowel-harmony groups by the dimension of tongue root position.
They are divided into (or "aligned into", to use phonology jargon) three vowel harmony groups by a parameter called ATR (advanced tongue root); the groups are −ATR, +ATR, and neutral.
Similar(43)
Wide and narrow refer to the tongue-root position.
The Candida concentrations obtained using the concentrated rinse method showed some significant differences in the severity of dry mouth, redness of the tongue, residual root, coated tongue, and denture.
At that proximity, he could see nothing at all wrong with her face, though it seemed possible that she might suction his tongue from its root.
Spanish, the first European tongue to take root in North America, has established itself as perhaps the most relentlessly polarizing language in the United States.
Yet the association of Kali with an extended tongue has early roots.
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