It then utilizes the color characteristics of the tongue body to suppress interference from the tongue texture and fissures, and finally uses Otsu's method for edge thresholding.
Moreover, the interference from lips and tongue fissures makes tongue body segmentation more challenging.
In order to measure the palatal vault, the venous catheter was placed through an inter-dental space in the anterior teeth with the tip ending at the centre of the palatal vault in order to reduce interference with the tongue dorsum to a minimum.
In summary, GaborFM is more robust against the interference from lips, chin, tongue texture, and fissures, and is superior to BEDC, Watershed, and the PolarSnake for tongue body segmentation.
This observation might explain why functional TMS interference was easier for tongue- than for lip-sound-initial words.
Functional complications include occlusal interference, trauma to the lip and tongue, speech problems and displacement of teeth.
This included a subset of low frequency interference signals with similar temporal characteristics and frequency distributions as the volitional tongue activity.
All tongue images were photographed in the morning prior to patient food consumption to avoid the interference of food debris, and the thickness of the tongue coatings was analysed by the DS01-B tongue manifestation acquisition instrument (Daosh Co., Shanghai, China).
Considering the shape and gray-level characteristics of tongue contour, Zuo et al. [10, 11] proposed a polar edge detector to suppress adverse interference from the lip boundary and tongue fissures.
Hence, TMS to focal lip areas might have been able to cause stronger interference effects on the processing of incongruent words than TMS to the relatively distributed tongue representations.
This indicates that, in spite of all measures taken to control between stimulus materials, tongue-sound-initial items were already more difficult to process, thus being more sensitive to minimal TMS-elicited interference.
