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Responses emitted during tone presentations terminated the tone and infused saline (3.755 s), whereas responses emitted while the tone was off had no programmed consequence.
To interrogate if rare tones or KCs induce changes in sleep depth, particularly arousal reactions, we employed EEG frequency analysis of periods preceding and following the rare tone presentations.
The fact that RFE rats rarely froze during the whole pair-testing session the initial exploration and the tone presentations in the novel chamber also excludes the possibility of generalized anxiety (due to the unsignaled shock experience on the previous day) influencing the RFE rats' behavior.
After the onset of each oddball sequence, SSA develops over the course of several standard tone presentations (Ulanovsky, 2004).
This was followed by three consecutive tone presentations (30 sec, 75 dB, 5 kHz), each separated by a 30 sec pause.
Thus, correlations across the spectrogram channels remained significant, but now occurred at higher rates than in experiment 1 (40 Hz vs 20 Hz), reflecting the faster rate of tone presentations in the figure.
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Upon tone presentation, homozygote rats presented significantly lower freezing responses compared to non-transgenic animals (F2,19 = 3.37; p < 0.05).
This notion is now further supported by the present combined fMRI/EEG measurements that revealed an NBR response upon tone presentation, irrespective of the appearance of an evoked KC.
Subsequently, they were confronted with a tone cue during reward-seeking that functions as a warning sign since lever pressing during tone presentation results in a probabilistic footshock.
The distinct interference triggered by the tone presentation at 6 h after sampling may be linked to the intrinsic aversiveness of the loud tone and suggests that at this time point memory consolidation is particularly sensitive to stress.
This was done to avoid the recording of visual-evoked potentials during the tone presentation.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com