In experiments to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the maximum tolerant concentration (MTC, equivalent to the "no observed effect concentration"), culturing was done in microtitration-plate wells for 3 h.
These strains were revealed to be tolerant in concentrations of furfural up to 3.0 mg/mL, a concentration range often found in lignocellulosic extracts [ 19].
The fungus concentrates metals in the extramatrical hyphae and extra-hyphal slime and is particularly tolerant of high concentrations of Ni and Cr.
The aims of this work were to obtain, by evolutionary engineering, an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae tolerant to high concentrations of HMF and to determine the expression levels of genes previously described as responsible for this tolerance.
Although this microalgae species does not inhabit marine environments, it is reported to be tolerant to high concentrations of dissolved substances in the medium (Schmidt et al. 2005), including NaCl (Gross et al. 2002), and to accumulate floridoside as compatible solute (De Luca and Moretti 1983; Pade et al. 2015).
In a study comparing the salinity resistance of three common ectomycorrhizal fungi (the others were Suillus bovinus and S. luteus), S. luridus was the most tolerant to high concentrations of salt, and is a good candidate species for the inoculation of tree seedlings to be planted on saline soil.
In this respect, it is noteworthy that we have previously shown that (i) yeast cells do have one or more transporters which allow the accumulation of intracellularly produced ascorbic acid in the culture medium (i.e., thus greatly facilitating the purification procedures) and (ii) that S. cerevisiae cells are quite tolerant to high concentrations of ascorbic acid (at least 40 50 g/L) [16].
All four enzymes appeared to be less tolerant to higher concentrations of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethyl phosphate and protein A3 also appeared to be less tolerant to all four ionic liquids as compared with the other three proteins.
However, all four enzymes appeared to be less tolerant to higher concentrations of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethyl phosphate, while protein A3 also appeared to be less tolerant to all four ionic liquids as compared with the other three proteins.
Interestingly, the PD 54 cells, which express lower levels of SUV39H1 (Fig. 3), were more tolerant to higher concentrations of chaetocin, as seen by their viability at 48 h and 96 h following chaetocin treatment.
