Exact(4)
It now appears unlikely that other lawmakers eager to extract conditions aimed at promoting competition and increasing service to out-of-the-way cities will be able to attach more than a few token conditions to the rescue bill.
In this study, we compared preferences revealed in the real (food) and in the symbolic (token) conditions.
Both in the real (food) and in the symbolic (token) conditions, the quantities of the two items offered to the monkey for any given item pair varied from trial to trial (Table 1).
However, high memory load should have led to a more "noisy" pattern of choice in the Token condition, but this did not seem to be the case, since the variability in capuchins' performance (as measured by the variance σ2) did not significantly differ between the Food and Token conditions.
Similar(56)
Finally, preference transitivity was tested in choices between tokens (Token condition).
The same five capuchins were presented with the Token condition after completing all the five sessions in the Food condition.
In separate sessions, we then presented monkeys with pair-wise choices between actual foods (Food condition) or between tokens associated with the same foods (Token condition).
Finally, the different results obtained in the Token condition compared to the Food condition could reflect a difficulty to achieve a dual representation [3].
To compare the results obtained in the Food condition and in the Token condition, we performed a repeated measures MANOVA (including sessions where it was possible to evaluate the relative value of each item pair, N = 24 in the Food condition and N = 12 in the Token condition).
In the Token condition capuchins might have focused on the quality of the preferred token disregarding the quantities of the two alternatives, thus choosing this token more often than the corresponding food in the Food condition.
At the same time, tokens were not dealt with exactly as the food they stand for, since relative values were higher in the Token condition than in the Food condition.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com