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Installation error can also lead to out-of-plane instability of a toggle-brace-damper system.
The existing design methods of toggle-brace-damper systems may be further improved.
The brace deformation and installation error cannot be ignored in the design of a toggle-brace-damper system.
For toggle-brace-damper system tests, a vertical brace is installed in a steel frame to prevent out-of-plane instability.
Test results show that the upper toggle-brace-damper system has the largest magnification factor, which is consistent with the theoretical analyses.
The toggle-brace-damper system has been proven to be the most effective system for the energy dissipation of stiff structures.
The calculation formulas for an upper toggle-brace-damper system and other configuration systems with consideration of the influence of brace deformation are studied in the paper.
However, the expected effect of the toggle-brace-damper system depends largely on its configuration, the use of steel braces and the installation mode.
The analysis of different installation modes and experiments involving toggle-brace-damper systems are conducted to improve understanding of the influence of key factors and to provide design guidance.
However, the test results show that an efficient installation mechanism, the toggle-brace-damper system, is effective even with a small relative story drift in the seismic response control of the structure.
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