Developmental questions begin with those we ask of all technology: at whose cost, to whose benefit?
But the real point is that even if Mr Bush was more savage, it would barely change the long-term fiscal picture: domestic discretionary spending outside defence makes up less than 20% of federal spending.Real restraint means tackling the "mandatory" spending programmes, from farm subsidies to Medicare, whose cost rises automatically from year to year.
[Past studies] found that students of divorced parents needed a little bit less and that they tend to go to institutions whose costs are a little lower--so probably less prestigious institutions--but we didn't look at that directly.
Young and healthy people opt not to buy coverage, leaving a sicker and so costlier risk pool.Reforming the system will require addressing both cost and coverage togetherMr Obama's pragmatic, and politically clever, retort is that it is unreasonable to require individuals to purchase something whose cost cannot be known with certainty in advance.
Then there are the property speculators flying to this resort town from across China with bagfuls of cash, to buy apartments whose cost per square foot rivals parts of Manhattan.
We prove that the resulting stiffness matrix is in fact an almost perfectly diagonal matrix (the original aim of the construction was to achieve a block diagonal structure) and we show that this leads to an algorithm whose cost is O(n).
Automation is threatening to break the cycle of money flow between consumers and producers in the market economy by impoverishing the consumers who are identical to the workers whose cost is being eliminated.
Each aligned character corresponds to a substitution whose cost can be obtained from a position specific scoring matrix that accounts for base call probabilities, or a substitution scoring matrix, or a trivial match or mismatch cost.
The algorithm first estimates the relevant probabilities from a number of trials of each undetermined experiment, and then uses these estimates, and the proper optimizing function, to identify a strategy whose cost is, with high probability, close to optimal.
In fact, importers are now faced with a difficult business situation because they are selling a product whose cost to them might turn out to be double or triple what they paid the Chinese factory.
