High glucose is well known to stimulate the expression of extracelluar matrix (ECM) in human mesangial cells.
The culture fluids from the virus-infected cells were tested for their ability to stimulate the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on uninfected HUVECs.
Similar to the topography-triggered ostegenenesis, co-transfection of the osteogenic miRNAs combination (miR-140, miR-214, miR-320, miR-351 and miR-674-5p miR-674-5p miR-674-5pe the expression of osteogenic marker genes.
Consistent with our previously published results using alginate gels28, we found that an extended static preculture duration of 14 days was necessary to stimulate the expression of chondrogenic marker genes ACAN and COL2A1 in response to loading (Fig. 5b), while mechanical stimulation after only 7 days of preculture resulted in down-regulation of chondrogenic markers (Fig. 5a).
Group techniques also tend to stimulate the expression of new, bias-free ideas.
At the mechanistic level, BAF60c forms a transcriptional complex with Six4 to stimulate the expression of Deptor, leading to Deptor-dependent AKT activation in a cell-autonomous manner.
Mechanistically, BAF60a physically interacts with CAR and forms a feedforward regulatory loop to stimulate the expression of CAR itself and its downstream target genes involved in bile acid metabolism.
A circadian locomotor output cycle kaput (CLOCK) and brain-muscle-arnt-like protein 1 (Bmal-1) heterodimer binds to DNA response elements to stimulate the expression of periods and cryptochromes, which phosphorylate and negatively feedback on CLOCK and Bmal-1 to prevent further gene expression [9] a cycle which takes approximately 24 h [10].
Most hibernators seek constant darkness to assist with entry into hibernation and this has recently been shown to stimulate the expression of genes facilitating hibernation in mammals [27].
We used RNA interference (RNAi) to reduce the expression of p300 and CBP in A549 cells (Fig. 5B), then tested whether this compromised the ability of DEX to stimulate the expression of the DUSP1 gene (Fig. 5C).
The activated TGFβ receptor complex is now known to activate kinase pathways independently of Smad signalling and these have been shown to stimulate the expression of both uPA and PAI [18] [20].
