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Critics complain that it often characterizes everyday behaviors as abnormal, and that it continues to lack validity, whether or not the issue of reliability has been definitely resolved.
Other methods, such as algorithms that can be applied by computer, have been tried but found to lack validity [17], [18], [19].
However, elevated BNP appears to lack validity as a biomarker of myocardial dysfunction in sepsis.
This finding supports the conclusions of Borstad [ 36] who reported that following a series of postural measurements in a group of 50 subjects without symptoms that the supine method of measuring pectoralis minor length appeared to lack validity.
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Besides other aspects, this finding might be due to lack of validity with respect to diagnostic criteria.
First, we were struck by unexpected rankings which appeared to lack face validity when considered against our criteria.
In particular, animal models of neurodegenerative diseases have been shown to lack predictive validity in humans [ 82].
We also identified that traditional interview and UCAS form scores appear to lack predictive validity, yielding no statistically significant positive associations.
Some of the studies that do offer convincing evidence for the beneficial health outcomes associated with diet and physical activity interventions tend to lack external validity.
Most novel treatment interventions currently used continue to lack scientific validity; if we are to avoid repeating past mistakes, we must take up the challenge of obtaining high-quality data.
However, randomized controlled trials tend to lack external validity, because the study is testing a specific intervention within a specific context, defined by factors such as the health system, payment scheme, workforce training, and management culture.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com