For this reason, the Jurassic marks the start of the "Mesozoic Marine Revolution"—an arms race between predators and prey that led to increased diversification of marine fauna.
While mRNA export has been studied in yeast, the complexity of gene structure and cellular function in metazoan cells has likely led to increased diversification of these organisms' export pathways.
Elaiosomes thus provide an example for the repeated, convergent evolution of a key innovation [33] that leads to increased diversification similarly in a wide range of plant lineages.
However, the initial shift in the adaptive landscape into colder climates appears to be a precondition, and may not be directly related to increased diversification rates.
While it has been shown that herbivory has repeatedly led to increased diversification rates in insects, there has been no compelling explanation for how plant-feeding has promoted speciation rates.
For example, if phenotypic diversification is beneficial only in challenging environments, but is otherwise costly, then PCD linked to an environmental cue that is correlated with the challenging environment may be a simple way to plastically increase diversification rates (though, as above, evolution of phenotypically plastic switch rates, if possible, would be a superior solution).
Policy actions and interventions that improve education and access to water sources are likely to influence increased diversification among pastoral households.
This was potentially due to the increasing diversification of amniotes in the late Paleozoic, which would have resulted in a reduction of previously available niche space.
The capacity of extreme specialization in flower form and function is thought to have increased diversification rates (Grant 1949; Crepet and Niklas 2009) and increased the range of pollen and seed dispersal, opening new opportunities for further specialization and diversification (Stebbins 1974).
This convexity defines what we term as a quiescence trap, or a trap of economic stasis: countries with few capabilities will have negligible or no return to the accumulation of more capabilities, while at the same time countries with many capabilities will experience large returns - in terms of increased diversification - to the accumulation of additional capabilities.
The surprising consistency shown in editing of arbitrarily chosen sites within Alu's tantalizes us to wonder whether this mechanism of increasing diversification by creating new editing-assisted splicing events, could be more widespread.
