An additional concern is that formal acceptance of treaties may mask failures to implement treaty requirements (Hathaway 2005) Moreover, the meaning of equal citizenship beyond equal political participation remains contested.
Rather, the Supreme Court is likely to use the Bond case to pronounce limits on Congress' ability to implement international treaties.
"We urge you," they wrote, "to terminate Defense Department efforts to implement the treaty".
He was not, however, the head of the provisional government of 1922 established to implement the treaty; Michael Collins had been awarded its chairmanship.
He pressed forward or backward last week with his plan to kill Kyoto, turning America into the haughty sole holdout as 178 other nations agreed to implement the treaty to fight global warming -- as usual, offering no alternative approach.
At the first Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on Cluster Munitions in November, governments agreed to a 66-point action plan for concrete steps to implement the treaty.
The most famous casualty was Michael Collins, the charismatic guerrilla leader and chairman of the 1922 Provisional Government (set up to implement the treaty), who was killed in an ambush in Cork on August 22 , 1922
The negotiations in Geneva are being conducted under the auspices of the U.N. Environment Program and are to be followed in the summer by a major conference on mercury in Edinburgh, where scientists and policy makers will discuss how to implement a treaty.
Cecilia Malmström, the E.U. immigration commissioner, also said last week that the "French authorities cannot send them back to Italy," as the dispute intensifies over how to implement the Schengen treaty, which governs the borderless areas of Europe.
Some global supporters of gun control, in particular, say the Connecticut shootings underline the urgent need to implement a proposed treaty curbing the international trade in small arms, in part to prevent such tragedies.
