To reveal functions collectively performed by such bi-directional genes, we mapped them to the Gene Ontology (GO) and GeneGO pathways.
These ultrasensitive processes function collectively to provide a high degree of amplification for proportional feedback control.
In eukaryotes, the core promoter serves as a platform for the assembly of a transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) that includes transcription factors (TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH) and RNA polymerase II, which function collectively to specify the transcription start site [ 3].
First, Mtb's uvrA, uvrB, and uvrC encode proteins that function collectively in vitro to cleave UV-damaged DNA.
The concept that osteocytes function collectively has given rise to the idea that they might form part of a so-called "small world network" [132], which is a way of efficiently delivering a complex service at low economic cost in systems as diverse as parts of the brain [133] and large airline networks.
Osteocytes may function collectively as a syncytium [127], are sensitive to mechanical loading, promote [68] bone breakdown and regulate its growth [69], may locally regulate matrix mineralization [128] and also mobilise calcium [66,129] in response to PTH signalling [130].
Although it is currently unknown if these new chloroplast encoded 'subunits' still function collectively with the other nuclear encoded Clp components to create an active protease complex, it is still interesting to speculate on how the Clp homologs present in Nannochloropsis may interact and/or how these modifications change the function of the proteins.
It is therefore interesting to speculate that extracellular hsp90α could activate a cassette of proteins that function collectively in cancer cell migration.
When data on more than one condition was available, then all the data was used to compute the fit-error by simulating the model several times individually and minimizing the objective function collectively.
Large radio telescope arrays, in which several individual telescopes function collectively as a single enormous instrument, give spatial resolutions in the radio regime far superior to any yet achieved by optical means.
