Exact(2)
It is known to decrease birth weight, following a dose response relationship [ 30, 31].
In contrast to our results, accidental exposures to very high levels of PCDD/Fs and PCBs have been shown to decrease birth weight [ 4, 36].
Similar(58)
This indicates that certain procedures are able to facilitate the improvement of regional disparities in infant mortality such as resuscitation training to decrease birth-asphyxia-related mortality.
There are two reasons for this: first, population growth will continue at least into the latter half of the century, although the rate of growth is already slowing, and second, the dependency ratio is changing rapidly due to decreasing birth rates and increasing life expectancy.4 The structure of demand is being altered fast by the needs of our ageing societies.
Exposures to PAHs during pregnancy have been linked to decreased birth weight and impaired development in offspring [ 14].
Higher exposure to PAHs during pregnancy measured via personal monitoring, PAH DNA adducts in umbilical cord blood, and government monitoring stations has been linked to decreased birth weight, length, and head circumference and to small size for gestational age in epidemiologic studies (Choi et al. 2008; Dejmek et al. 2000; Perera et al. 2003, 2004; Vassilev et al. 2001).
In support of this hypothesis, recent studies have shown that bone-Pb but not BPb is significantly related to declines in hematocrit and hemoglobin among moderately Pb-exposed construction workers and to decreased birth weight and increased odds of clinically relevant hypertension (Gonzalez-Cossio et al. 1997; Hu et al. 1996).
5, 9 In addition, the protein levels of NHE1 are seen to decrease after birth, in contrast to increasing levels of sPLA2 function postnatally.
These findings are less surprising, given the recent retrospective study which demonstrated that induction of labor may be used to decrease cesarean birth [ 26].
Controls were frequency matched to cases by year of birth due to the decreasing birth prevalence of NTDs over time [ 23].
A recent study also reports an association between prenatal exposure to coarse particles and decrease birth weight, with little effect from fine particles (Parker and Woodruff, in press).
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