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These results are robust to controlling for two relevant variables.
These results are robust to controlling for possible non-random selection effects.
(2016) by showing that this result is robust to controlling for PIAAC test scores.
The results are also robust to controlling for respondents' intention to migrate.
The conclusions are robust to controlling for the endogenous nature of firms' use of scientific knowledge.
This result is robust to controlling for observable individual-level characteristics, including, most importantly, immigration cohort fixed effects.
Finally, we analyze the robustness of the estimated school contribution to the achievement gap to controlling for individual characteristics.
In Section 6, we explore whether our baseline results are robust to controlling for the religious attitudes of respondents.
In Table 6, we check the robustness for our baseline results to controlling for these potentially confounding factors.
Positive associations between distance and performance indicators are not robust to controlling for invention quality or selection into licensing.
These findings are robust to controlling for import penetration of ICT products and the underlying R&D.
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