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This exposure time was chosen because a significant amount of particles was expected to become internalized by that time [ 17].
There is also some lineage continuity at the level of the PM precursors of the Node/primitive streak border which were shown to become internalized to become part of the chordo-neural hinge in the tail-bud.
One interpretation is that the reviewer is proposing a lifestyle in which non-symbiotic, not closely-physically associating prokaryotes evolutionarily acquire the ability to become internalized by, and shortly after exit from, other prokaryotes.
The authors were able to show that VacA exploits the recycling of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1; an integrin heterodimer on T-cells consisting of a β2 subunit associated with the CD11a α subunit) to become internalized by migrating human T-cells.
Similarly, confocal microscopy revealed refractoriness of α2AAR-YFP/CFP to become internalized following stimulation, whereas upon activation with CCL2 CCR2 was readily detected on endosomal structures (Figure 4B).
This can be attributed to the fact that the Alexa488/InlA curve is only a measure of the time it takes for bead internalization whereas the FITC/InlA-beads curve is a measure of the time it takes for a bead to become internalized and then for the phagosome to become acidified.
Similar(53)
However it is clear that the organism can adhere to and become internalized by a variety of host cells [6], including osteoblasts [11], and that this is likely to be important in disease pathogenesis.
(To be clear, this is not an all-or-none phenomenon; rather, there are degrees of relative autonomy, as extrinsic motivation may become internalized to a greater or lesser extent [ 3]).
Since the method described above allowed us to discriminate Alexa488/InlA-beads that had become internalized from those that had not, we further used it to calculate the rate of internalization by measuring the fraction of beads internalized at various time points after initial bead binding for MDCK and Caco-2 cells (Figure 3A and 3B – gray line).
The organizer lies immediately adjacent to the site at which cells become internalized during gastrulation.
Upon binding to the LDL-R, LDL particles become internalized into the cell, forming intracellular vesicles known as endosomes.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com