To be functional, ClC-K channels need to be translocated to the plasma membranes after synthesis; the translocation requires the binding to its β-subunit, barttin.
In supramolecular systems, for accurate translocation to take place, the ion to be translocated should be more kinetically available for intramolecular motion than the bulk ion.
Chaperone proteins are required to avoid premature oligomerization of the needle complex subunit or translocators, and to maintain effectors in a form ready to be translocated in the T3SS system.
PS is then believed to be translocated to the outer membrane with the help of transporters and translocators (e.g., floppase and scramblase) 37.
Environment groups have called for koalas in overpopulated areas to be translocated to new regions, where habitat was more abundant, and for existing habitat to be protected.
preAd-mCYP11A1 hybrid molecules were shown to be translocated across the inner membrane and tightly associated with the membrane on its matrix side but not membrane inserted.
Arsenic trioxide has recently been shown to be translocated by mouse mAQP7 and rat rAQP9.
CeO2 nanoparticles were found to be translocated into pumpkin shoots but not in wheat plants.
Particles of 7 to 25 nm were found to be translocated to the shoots of cucumber.
As mentioned above, TiO2 NPs are able to be translocated through the placenta barrier, influencing the fetal development.
Such a finding strongly confirms the hypothesis that Cd ions may use at least two distinct pathways to be translocated from roots to shoots.
