An ideal cohort study in ESRD should consist of a well-characterized population of incident patients to avoid prevalence-incidence bias [ 29, 30, 32].
Thus, we opted for this conservative cutoff value to avoid overestimating prevalence.
This is because, screen-detected and symptom-detected cases should be kept separate in the analysis to avoid mixing prevalence and incidence ORs (Sasco et al, 1986).
This study aimed to recruit well-characterized patients in order to avoid incidence-prevalence bias, and the sample size will be large enough to achieve multiple study objectives with adequate variability [ 25].
Errors induced by interpretation of confidence scores are avoided, prevalence is incorporated, and there is no need to fit curves or extrapolate beyond the data.
Data tables for each country displaying cumulative incidence cases, cumulative incidence cases avoided, prevalence cases and prevalence cases avoided per 100 000 of the population are presented in online supplementary appendix 5.
There is the need to maintain good sanitary practice and hygienic quality during production stages of spice in order to avoid or reduce prevalence of food borne illnesses in Tamale and Ghana as a whole.
These athletes may be actively monitoring or limiting dietary intake to avoid the high prevalence of obesity associated with a SCI or perhaps to maintain an ideal body composition for their sport performance.
It is important to implement strategies in Southeast Asian countries to avoid the high prevalence of transmitted drug resistance that has occurred elsewhere.
Thus, we still elected to perform our analysis with a cutoff value of 7 mmol/L to avoid overestimating the prevalence of total diabetes.
36 To avoid this, the prevalence of the composite type was divided by 10 when we calibrated the transmission probability (a measure of the infectivity of a particular HPV type) to data; model predictions of prevalence of specific HPV types are then subsequently multiplied back up by 10.
