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Consistent with other cost studies, the dependent variable was the total cost over the two year post index period, annualized to avoid observations with zero charges and smooth individual year-to-year random variation and to minimize the effect of outlier cost events on the overall cost distribution [ 29, 30].
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A force of 200 infantrymen and 25 dismounted cavalry troopers (the latter dressed in civilian clothing) departed Indianapolis on a special train on the night of March 11, loading west of the city to avoid observation.
"In fact, they are more intent on trying to mask their personal information from hackers, advertisers, friends and family members than they are trying to avoid observation by the government".
To avoid observation effect, the on-call residents were blinded to the whole study.
To avoid observation bias due to differential misclassification, an independent investigator who was unaware of the items included in the algorithm and of the participant classification validated clinical diagnoses.
To avoid considering observations with only a small amount of respondents to the surveys, only counties with more than 300 people answering the survey in 2014 are considered, resulting in a total of 53 counties.
To avoid intercorrelated observations, we restricted our analyses to first cohort pregnancy enrolment (independent of any prior children).
We limited our comparison to SNPs that represented transversion mutations to avoid erroneous observations caused by the C to T and G to A substitutions associated with ancient DNA damage [ 30].
A substantial number of participants did not report income and were not in the four largest race/ethnicity categories, so we included indicator variables for missing groups in these categories to avoid excluding observations.
To avoid excluding observations in multivariate analyses, we substituted the median for missing values [4 median substitutions for maternal education, 7 for timing of first prenatal visit, 9 for weight gain during pregnancy, 4 for median household income, and 11 for body mass index (BMI)].
It is hard to avoid the observation that he looks like a mole.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com