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Ultimately, this leads to assortment between altruists and defectors in the population (see also [ 105]), which secondarily can generate group selection effects [ 106, 107].
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Such cross-assortment implies a correlation between trait A in spouse 1 and trait B in spouse 2 after the correlation due to assortment for other correlated variables has been partialled out [ 12].
Under phenotypic assortment, additive genetic influences explain 18% of the variance, with.5% due to assortment.
These observations would indicate that birnaviruses host specificity may be less narrow than what is observed with avian birnaviruses (IBDV) and may contribute to re-assortment between phylogenetically distant birnaviruses.
Recently, the novel H7N9 virus was demonstrated to originate from the assortment between avian H7N3, H7N9 and H9N2 viruses, which were circulating in Korea and East China including Zhejiang, respectively.
Our modeling approach is noteworthy because it allows us to identify morphological components of the 4-bar mechanical system that contribute to TS. Functional transgression is a product of recombination and assortment between alleles controlling the lengths of the lower jaw and the maxilla and occurs in the absence of transgressive morphology.
In other words, there should be assortment between altruists and the helping behaviors of others [4].
Lack of evidence of random assortment between two loci may indicate functional constraints on the CSP protein that limit the possible amino acid combinations that are viable.
In particular there is a statistically significant association between the most common Th2R haplotype (10010111; see Table 2 for explanation of the binary code) and the most common Th3R haplotpye (111110), which indicates these two occur together more often than would be expected if there was random assortment between the two epitope sequences (O.R. 720, 95% C.I. 84.2 6155.1, P<0.0001).
This increases positive assortment between cooperators and defectors, which in turn facilitates the evolution of cooperation.
The resulting spatial patterns determine assortment between cooperators and defectors, which directly affects fitness and thus evolutionary dynamics [ 15- 18].
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