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For easy characterization of the practical acidic groups on CNTs, one-pot titration methodology is developed, breaking the boundary between the conventional indirect and direct titration methods.
The practical acidic functional groups including carboxylic, lactonic, and phenolic groups were successfully computed from the acid ionization constant (pKa) distribution from the direct titration of nitric acid-oxidized multi-walled CNTs by means of a one-pot titration methodology.
Considering that our interest is focused on the out-of-equilibrium properties (which relate to the system stability against perturbations) and species distribution of humic acids, the proposed titration methodology represents an appropriate potentiometric experiment since the two aspects mentioned above could be investigated in the same titration procedure.
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The specific methodology of inhibitor titration is described in detail in Method S3.
To confirm reproducibility and consistency of the methodology, sample input titrations were performed.
These results were fairly identical to the results of the popular indirect titration method, showing that the developed methodology is essentially applicable for the surface characterization of acidic groups on CNTs and potentially extended to the other carbon nanomaterials.
The ion-exchange capacity (IEC) defined as the number of milliequivalents (meq) of ionogenic groups (e.g., SO3 -) per gram of dry membrane (W d) was determined by two different methodologies: 1. Indirect titration: samples were equilibrated with HCl 2 M for 24 h to convert the functional groups of the polymer into protonated form.
We have previously reported a lower frequency of ALDH1high CTCs in patients with metastatic breast cancer, which could be explained by the lower number of patients included in that study, as well as by the different methodologies used for the titration of ALDH1 expression [ 14].
We validated the final list using isothermal titration calorimetry, an entirely different and low throughput methodology, to detect and characterize favorable interactions between two reactants (in this case, LOPAC compound and apoferritin).
The proposed methodology relies on the complexation and alkalimetric titration of nitric acid using a pH 5.6 sodium oxalate solution.
Experimental results obtained from a laboratory-scale acid base titration process are then presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the design methodology.
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