In excitable tissues, voltage-dependent Na+ current (INa) is best known for supporting autoregenerative depolarization and impulse propagation.
Tissues were bathed in oxygenated Krebs buffer containing 10 mM glucose (serosal side) or 10 nM mannitol (luminal side) at 37°C, and net active transport across the epithelium was measured via a short circuit current (Isc; µA) injected through the tissue under voltage-clamp conditions.
At the level of neural ensembles, synchronised activity of large numbers of neurons gives rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be recorded with a micro-electrode embedded within neuronal tissue as a voltage change referred to as a local field potential (LFP).
Patient 2 was a 25-year-old male who had catastrophic loss of facial tissues after high voltage injury.
Even worse, the alkaline in the power cells can destroy tissue, and small-voltage electrical shocks can cause internal burns.
We verified our immunoelectron microscopy analysis of LCR rat hippocampal tissue with anti-voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) antibody as a positive control (Fig. S1).
NADH fluorescence, extracellular voltage and tissue PO(2) were recorded from the CA1 region during hypoxia (95% N(2)) of various lengths following onset of hypoxic spreading depression (hsd).
In one-dimensional cables, P2R can be induced by adjoining lost-dome and delayed-dome regions, as mediated by tissue excitability and transmembrane voltage profiles, and reduced coupling facilitates its induction.
Both effects can be explained by a concomitant reduction of the extracellular space (ECS): During cell swelling, increased tissue resistance enhances the voltage across neuronal membranes (Andrew et al., 1989), while also elevating the concentration of ambient neurotransmitter molecules in the vicinity of ligand-gated ion channels (Huang et al., 1997).
The spontaneous transepithelial potential difference (PD) was determined, and the tissue was clamped at zero voltage by continuously introducing an appropriate short-circuit current with an automatic voltage clamp (DVC 1000 World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, Florida, USA).
