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The percentage of CD14+CD33+ colonic macrophages did not correlate with any other clinical variable or marker of inflammation (e.g., plasma or tissue HIV viral load, CD4 count, age).
Crucial processes in systemic HIV pathogenesis are initiated in acute and early HIV infection, including establishment of tissue HIV reservoirs, massive CD4 memory phenotype T cell loss, and establishment of viral and immune activation set points [ 9, 10].
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Because many of these same processes may also occur in rectal and genital mucosal tissues, HIV and alcohol use may interact similarly to increase susceptibility to HIV infection and early replication following sexual transmission, a proposition we examine below.
Furthermore, very recently, a report was published describing the presence of WUPyV and KIPyV DNA in CNS tissue from HIV positive, but not from HIV negative, individuals [41].
Studies with 1 mM 5-hydroxydeoxycytidine (5-OH-dC) demonstrated that after 9 24 passages in tissue culture, HIV became undetectable [14].
However, the limited feasibility of collecting biopsies in clinical trials and the variability in susceptibility of female genital tract tissue to HIV renders this a difficult strategy.
Associated with: connective tissue disease; HIV infection; portal hypertension; congenital heart diseases; schistosomiasis.
connective tissue disease; HIV infection; portal hypertension; congenital heart diseases; schistosomiasis.
It may be caused by several conditions including idiopathic PAH, connective tissue disease, HIV infection, schistosomiasis and others [ 2].
Infected cells can thus spread infection by migrating and disseminating the virus through synaptic contact within the lymph nodes and gut lymphoid tissue where HIV is most likely to encounter activated T cells, in which it replicates best [ 31].
Challenges in HAND research, including limited availability of brain tissue from HIV patients, variation in HAND study protocols, and virus genotyping inconsistency and errors, however, have resulted in studies with insufficient power to delineate molecular mechanisms underlying HAND pathogenesis.
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